There are three broad models of teaching and learning (Rogoff et al., 1996) used in American schools. It must be the goal of expert teaching to assist students to develop deep and usable understandings, or what might be called “conscious competence”—i.e., knowing what you know, how you know it, how to justify it with disciplinary standards, and how to apply and continue developing this knowledge. This kind of teaching and learning is called 3-D because it involves knowing (conceptual understanding), doing, and thinking (metacognitive capacity to think about what one knows and does and how to transfer and extend it). Only one of the teaching/learning models, inquiry through apprenticeship, effectively develops students’ conscious competence and prepares them for real world success. (Wilhelm, et al, 2020).

What Is Guided Inquiry Through Apprenticeship?

What is inquiry through apprenticeship and how is it different from other educational approaches? To explain, let’s imagine a teacher trying to teach students how to make spaghetti sauce.

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